See schaft in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "spere schaft"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "shaft"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shaft"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "schaft"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shaft"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "shaft"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
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},
{
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},
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},
{
"args": {
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"4": "",
"5": "shaft",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċeaft (“shaft”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċeaft",
"t": "shaft"
},
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"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*skaft"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skaftaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skaftaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sċeaft (“shaft”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "schaftes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schafte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scheft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shaft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shafte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sheft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sschaft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "scaft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "scæft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chafte",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "schafft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "shaffet",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "shafft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": "noun",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "schaft",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "schaftes"
},
"expansion": "schaft (plural schaftes)",
"name": "enm-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"A weapon's shaft; the body of a long weapon."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-mDI3og4K",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 30 10 9 9 4 4 4 10 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Tools",
"orig": "enm:Tools",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"The handle or pole of a bladed tool or implement."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-E3j4ziKa",
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[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"tool",
"tool"
],
[
"implement",
"implement"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 2 26 2 1 1 12 1 9 1 1 1 1 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "3 7 22 11 12 12 3 3 3 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"A flagstaff; the pole of a flag or banner."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-qSQuYJqL",
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[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"flagstaff",
"flagstaff"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"flag",
"flag"
],
[
"banner",
"banner"
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 22 11 12 12 3 3 3 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"The stem of a candleholder."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-dOtb7T-v",
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"candleholder",
"candleholder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"(rare) The stem of a candleholder."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 22 11 12 12 3 3 3 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 19 11 30 9 2 2 2 19 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Polearms",
"orig": "enm:Polearms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A polearm or arrow; a shafted weapon."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-rBOEKAgf",
"links": [
[
"polearm",
"polearm"
],
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 7 22 11 12 12 3 3 3 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "enm:Botany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The trunk of a tree or plant."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-nNvTiru4",
"links": [
[
"trunk",
"trunk"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"A tunnel or passage (e.g. a mineshaft)."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-ls4D0w~M",
"links": [
[
"tunnel",
"tunnel"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A tunnel or passage (e.g. a mineshaft)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "9 16 9 9 9 4 4 22 10 4 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Measuring instruments",
"orig": "enm:Measuring instruments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of balance or scale."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-5mQTBa2k",
"links": [
[
"balance",
"balance"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A kind of balance or scale."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 3 8 7 7 6 2 2 52 7 4",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
"name": "Light",
"orig": "enm:Light",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"A ray or pillar of light."
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-xnkBFnF3",
"links": [
[
"ray",
"ray"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A ray or pillar of light."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃaft/"
}
],
"word": "schaft"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
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{
"args": {
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"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "schaft",
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaft"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "25 4 21 4 2 2 10 2 7 1 1 1 2 17 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
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},
{
"_dis": "31 2 26 2 1 1 12 1 9 1 1 1 1 11 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 7 22 11 12 12 3 3 3 20 3",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "enm",
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"orig": "enm:Botany",
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"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
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"alternative form of chaft"
],
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"links": [
[
"chaft",
"chaft#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "schaft"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "schaft",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "creation",
"word": "schafte"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of schafte (“creation”)"
],
"id": "en-schaft-enm-noun-6AUdjvaH",
"links": [
[
"schafte",
"schafte#Middle_English:_creation"
]
],
"tags": [
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"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "schaft"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English nouns",
"Middle English terms derived from Old English",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Light",
"enm:Measuring instruments",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Tools"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "spere schaft"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "shaft"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shaft"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Scots",
"lang_code": "gmw-msc",
"word": "schaft"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "shaft"
}
],
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}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
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"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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"3": "sċeaft",
"4": "",
"5": "shaft",
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"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Old English sċeaft (“shaft”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "ang",
"3": "sċeaft",
"t": "shaft"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Old English sċeaft (“shaft”)",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
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},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*skaftaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *skaftaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English sċeaft (“shaft”), from Proto-West Germanic *skaft, from Proto-Germanic *skaftaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "schaftes",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "schafte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "scheft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shaft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "shafte",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sheft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "sschaft",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "saft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "scaft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "scæft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Early-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "chafte",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "schafft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "shaffet",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
},
{
"form": "shafft",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Late-Middle-English"
]
}
],
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"expansion": "schaft",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "schaftes"
},
"expansion": "schaft (plural schaftes)",
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}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"A weapon's shaft; the body of a long weapon."
],
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[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pole",
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],
[
"beam",
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],
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"shaft",
"shaft"
],
[
"body",
"body"
],
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"The handle or pole of a bladed tool or implement."
],
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[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
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"pole",
"pole"
],
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"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"handle",
"handle"
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[
"pole",
"pole"
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[
"tool",
"tool"
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[
"implement",
"implement"
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]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"A flagstaff; the pole of a flag or banner."
],
"links": [
[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
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"pole",
"pole"
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[
"beam",
"beam"
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[
"flagstaff",
"flagstaff"
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[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"flag",
"flag"
],
[
"banner",
"banner"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"The stem of a candleholder."
],
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[
"long",
"long"
],
[
"thin",
"thin"
],
[
"support",
"support"
],
[
"pole",
"pole"
],
[
"beam",
"beam"
],
[
"stem",
"stem"
],
[
"candleholder",
"candleholder"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"A long, thin supporting object: a pole or beam:",
"(rare) The stem of a candleholder."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"A polearm or arrow; a shafted weapon."
],
"links": [
[
"polearm",
"polearm"
],
[
"arrow",
"arrow"
],
[
"weapon",
"weapon"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The trunk of a tree or plant."
],
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[
"trunk",
"trunk"
],
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"plant",
"plant"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"A tunnel or passage (e.g. a mineshaft)."
],
"links": [
[
"tunnel",
"tunnel"
],
[
"passage",
"passage"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A tunnel or passage (e.g. a mineshaft)."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A kind of balance or scale."
],
"links": [
[
"balance",
"balance"
],
[
"scale",
"scale"
]
],
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"(rare) A kind of balance or scale."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle English terms with rare senses"
],
"glosses": [
"A ray or pillar of light."
],
"links": [
[
"ray",
"ray"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(rare) A ray or pillar of light."
],
"tags": [
"rare"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ʃaft/"
}
],
"word": "schaft"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Light",
"enm:Measuring instruments",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Tools"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
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{
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"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
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"expansion": "schaft",
"name": "head"
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],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "chaft"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of chaft"
],
"links": [
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"chaft",
"chaft#Middle_English"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
}
],
"word": "schaft"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle English alternative forms",
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"enm:Botany",
"enm:Light",
"enm:Measuring instruments",
"enm:Polearms",
"enm:Tools"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "noun",
"altform": "1"
},
"expansion": "schaft",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "creation",
"word": "schafte"
}
],
"glosses": [
"alternative form of schafte (“creation”)"
],
"links": [
[
"schafte",
"schafte#Middle_English:_creation"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative"
]
}
],
"word": "schaft"
}
Download raw JSONL data for schaft meaning in Middle English (6.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (e62056b and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.